Creating and promoting an effective school library program Essay Example

Creating and promoting an effective school library program Essay This paper will analyze the process of creating and promoting an effective library program. By establishing a library program, it is possible to help the students to improve their performance as it assists the students in obtaining the books necessary for their reading at the K-12 level. An effective school library program also involves the cooperation between students, teachers, and school administration. A few school administrators have encouraged the students to develop â€Å"after-hours school library program† so that students can use the books available in the school libraries after the teaching hours. (Barringer, 21) This program gives sufficient freedom to the students and the teachers and other volunteers as they are given the freedom to approach government authorities for grants since financial assistance is necessary to develop such a program. (Barringer, 21) Information regarding school library programs can be disseminated in the form of pamphlets or newsletters since such methods have been used in some schools. (Barringer, 21) This shows that the school administration gives autonomy to the students in order to interact with the school administration and government authorities with a view to develop the school library. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The student administrators, in after-hours school libraries, are able to request the students to cooperate with them in order to create a library. With the assistance of other school members such as teachers, students, and administrators, it is possible to establish such a program. For example, before establishing such programs, the student leaders can call for a meeting of other school members in order to discuss the specific issues related to building a school library. (Barringer, 21) The after-hours school library program can involve interaction between parents, teachers and students. (Barringer, 21)   For example, in some schools that adopt school library programs, parents are given information concerning various courses. The parents are given information concerning the labs, books, courses, music lessons, and so on. The teachers can give guidance to the student projects. (Barringer, 21) The informal interaction between the students and the teachers can help the students in obtaining further information pertaining to their lessons and also various practical issues that affect the lives of the students. (Barrigner, 21) Due to their advantages, school library programs should be encouraged by the school authorities. School libraries are required in order to help the administration to evaluate the needs of the students. With the help of the parents and other community members, it is possible to arrange for financial grant that is necessary to build a school library and other facilities in the schools. (Barringer) An important advantage of school library program is that it encourages teamwork, which also results in innovation. Thus, new techniques of learning are being discovered by the students. (Building) Consequently, the students are able to control the learning process, which is extremely important to improve the creative thinking abilities of the students. Since the students learn the value of team work, they are able to emerge as valuable and enlightened citizens after they finish their education. (Building) School library programs provide an opportunity both to the students as well as teachers to participate in the academic work. (Building)   For example, the teachers and students are encouraged to make use of resources. Based on the curriculum, the teachers can give guidance to the students concerning the use of relevant materials necessary for their courses. (Building) Another advantage of school library program is that it enhances interaction between community members and the school authorities. Through school library members, the school authorities can give information concerning the programs of schools and the achievements of the students. This improves the relationship between the students, teachers, and the parents. (Barringer, 21) Another important advantage of such programs is that they can assist in improving the ‘literacy levels’ of the community members. (Barringer, 21)   This will encourage the students to increase the collection of books and other resources necessary to improve their knowledge concerning specific area of study. (Barrigner, 21) By managing school libraries, the student and teacher-librarians are able to obtain valuable training in the art of management leading to their personality development. The work of establishing any school library program should start with ‘a solid plan’. (Barringer, 22)   This is because the school authorities need to be clear regarding their goals of initiating such a program. The students need to prepare an outline of the program’s plan and with the help of the Head of the Department and the Principal can initiate the process of building a school library. (Barringer, 22) The student leaders need to take the help of other students to build the school library. After obtaining necessary permission from the school authorities the students can start the process of building the library. The next stage is obviously maintenance and promotion of the school library. (Barringer, 22) The librarians need to maintain the records of the library in order to enable the students to borrow books and other materials available in the library. (Barringer, 22)   The student leaders need to look for the volunteers who can come forward during their free time to manage the library. There is a need to decide the timings of the library and such timings should be informed to the members of the library. (Barringer, 22) Periodic meetings should be conducted in order to assess the progress of the library work. In such meetings, the members can also discuss the need for changes in the management system. (Barringer, 22) The students and the parents should be encouraged to visit the library. The library should encourage not only reading but also discussion of the specific readings so as to enable the students to improve their reading and thinking skills. (Barringer, 22) The government has showed its interest in the education of all students by introducing the No Child Left Behind Act. (NCLB) (Yoke, 34)   The provisions of this act can be used to improve the library collection or establish new school libraries. The act gives importance to enhancing students’ reading, mathematics, and comprehension skills. (Yoke, 34) By convincing the government authorities that the school libraries would consider the provisions of NCLB, it is possible to obtain funding for building the school library. (Yoke, 34)   It is important to obtain the financial resources because without financial resources it is not possible to build a great school library. The library that is funded by the government needs to possess books and resources that improve the learning and reading abilities of the students. (Yoke, 34) Studies have showed that ‘quality school libraries’ have been able to help the students in improving their performance in the standardized tests conducted in order to assess the learning abilities of the students. (Yoke, 34)   There are many studies which stress the need for building a quality library in every school so that students are able to obtain access to necessary books and other study materials that helps them in the school to improve their performances. (Yoke 34) The student leaders or the administrators who decide to establish school libraries need to be aware of the provisions of the NCLB in order to make proper adjustments so as to obtain funding from the government authorities. NCLB act is available in the government websites. (Yoke , 34) Before creating the plan for the school library, the school authorities need to obtain a copy of the NCLB curriculum that insists on mathematics and reading abilities since such abilities are evaluated in the national level tests.   . (Yoke, 35)   The school leaders who want to establish a school library also need to obtain information concerning NCLB curriculum from professional bodies of teachers and academicians. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining such information, the administrators can prepare a plan that takes into consideration the provisions of the NCLB act. The school administration needs to discuss the plan with the students and faculty members so as to obtain valuable feedbacks in order to improve the library resources or collection. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining necessary feedback, the administration should approach the appropriate authorities in order to obtain funding for the school library so as to increase the collection. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining the funding, the librarian should obtain the help of the teachers and students in order to improve the collection. . (Yoke, 35)   While purchasing books, care should be taken to spend the amount in a judicious manner so that unnecessary books are removed from the purchase list and only valuable books are included in the collection. . (Yoke, 35) The school librarians are accountable to the school authorities and the government. . (Yoke, 35)   Therefore, sufficient care should be taken to properly utilize the fund. This will create confidence in the mind of the administration regarding the mangers of the school library. (Yoke, 36) Building a school library involves the process of selection as well as ‘de-selection’ of books and other resources. (Yoke, 35)   The irrelevant and outdated books should be promptly replaced by new books that are relevant to the students’ achievement. With the help of the teachers, it is possible to improve the collection of school library. (Yoke, 36) School library program helps both the teacher and as well as the learner since the students need the help of the teachers in establishing libraries in their schools. (Building)   The teachers are expected to advice the librarians pertaining to the curriculum of the schools and the books that need to be procured through the school library program. (Building) The program also comprises understanding between the librarians and the administrative staff since the librarians or managers of the school library need the support of the administrative staff while processing files and documents. (Building) School libraries can be created and promoted through cooperation and understanding between the students and the teachers. (Building)   The teachers need to encourage the students to do additional reading by referring the books and other resources available in the library. This will reduce the teaching work so that teachers are able to concentrate on other aspects of learning. (Building) A school library does not necessarily possess only the books. Such libraries can possess exhibits, media collections, and internet-based resources. (Building)     The library managers are required to maintain the record of the possession of the library. (Building)   Obviously, the school librarians need the assistance of other staff for maintaining records of books borrowed by the members. The students can utilize technology in the context of the school libraries. (Building) As has been already mentioned, the students can use internet technology in order to obtain access to major resources required for the study of the courses. A few resources are available in the school websites and other restricted sites. (Building)   By managing access to such technologies, the school librarians are able to assist the library members to improve their performance. This will encourage the members to contribute more to the development of the library resources. School library programs should also assist the members in developing the habit of ‘life long learning’. (Building)   This is because education does not end with the school years. Education should continue even after the students leave the schools. The students should be encouraged to use new approaches while participating in the school library program. (Building)     Through this strategy, it is possible to maintain and strengthen a school library program. In order to maintain an efficient school library program, it is important to organize the resources. For example, books and resources belonging to particular subjects can be kept in a specific place creating distinct spaces for different subjects. Mathematics resources can be separated from history resources. (Building) Through such a policy, it is possible to remove confusion while searching for resources including books in the school libraries. The school librarians are also required to perform the maintenance work of the books and resources of the library. (Building)   For example, old and unusable books should be removed from the library shelf and arrangement should be made to either replace them with new ones or repair them so that they could be used by the library members. Attempt should be made to maintain the resources such as audio and video CDs and other equipments of the library. (Building) The students should be given the orientation program in order to help them in using the resources available in the library. (Building) The teacher-librarian who is appointed to administer the school library with the help of the students is accountable to the principal. (Building) Therefore, the teacher should take care to maintain the resources and give information to the administrators and other stakeholders regarding the resources available in the school library. (Building) The school libraries at K-12 level need to possess at least one full time staff that is capable of handling the demands of the members of the library. (Quality)  Ã‚   This staff needs to maintain contact with the school department of education in order to understand the aims of the institution. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The staff is required to act as liaison agent between the students, teachers, and administration. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   This coordination can be done by including the library staff in various school committees so that the librarian can express the needs of the library. (Quality) The librarian also needs the support of the clerical and technological staff. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clerical staff is required to maintain the records of the library including cataloguing the resources. Technical staff is required to maintain the equipments that need periodic service. (Quality)   For example, in order to use audio and video CDs, there is a need for relevant equipments.   By maintaining the equipments, it is possible to reduce unnecessary expenditure. Librarians and teachers can establish collaborative relationship by discussing the resources that need to be procured for the library. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, the teacher can give information concerning the changes in the curriculum and the need for new materials indispensable for the teaching new courses. (Quality)   With such collaborative effort it is possible to maintain the up to date information. The teachers and the students should be given training in ‘information literacy’ because by using databases available in the library, it is possible to allow the teacher and the learner to utilize all the resources available in the library. (Quality)   The librarian and the school administration need to procure the latest equipments including books, computers, internet-related resources, and so on. (Quality) With the use of new resources, it is possible to minimize the expenditure on printed resources although it is impossible to totally ignore the print materials. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a need for ‘flexible scheduling’ of the library so that the students and teachers are able to use the library during their free time. (Quality) Without cooperation between teachers, students, and administrators, it is impossible to assure the efficient functioning of school libraries. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The teacher-librarians or the professional librarians need to provide ‘professional leadership’ to their institutions since they have the ability to improve the efficiency of the school libraries. (Quality)   The libraries also need liberal funding in order to buy the books, equipments, and other resources. Therefore, library budget should be used in such as way as to improve the efficiency of the school libraries. (Quality) School principals, students, and parents can play an important role in the success of school library programs. (Doug, 110)   A few principals, being administrators, do not take much interest in school library programs. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   The principals need to have a good understanding of the aims and objectives of the school library so that they can convince the government authorities concerning the need for continued financial support for maintaining high quality school library. (Doug, 110) The principal of a school needs to have periodic discussion with the school librarians so that needs of the school library could be comprehended by the administrators. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   Divergent needs of the library should be mentioned in the reports that the administrators submit to the higher authorities. (Doug, 110) The librarians can communicate to the principal concerning the financial and other needs of the library through the parents, teachers, and students. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   The school newsletter should comprise a section describing the achievements of the school library and future goals and plans of the library. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   At the same time, it is the duty of the librarian to convince the principal and other administrators regarding the needs of the library. The librarian should provide inspired leadership so as to obtain cooperation from students, teachers, and community members including the parents. (Doug, 110) To conclude, student-librarians, teacher-librarians, professional librarians, teachers, students, parents, administration, and community members play an important role in creating and promoting school library programs. Libraries are necessary for each and every school to achieve the aims of the respective institution. The school library programs need to possess plans, vision, and implementation models. With proper coordination between the librarians and school administration, it is possible to create a school library program. Schools need to utilize the government funding in order to obtain the financial resources necessary for building a library. The librarians and library staff need to maintain the books and equipments of the library. By following a specific plan it is possible to promote the school library program.

Office Space essays

Office Space essays Ron Livingston and Jennifer Aniston (this actress also stars in the comedy "Friends") star in the comedy movie "Office Space." Peter Gibbons (Livingston) is a computer software programmer who hates his job and his bosses. One of his Bosses is Bill Lumberg (Gary Cole), who is mean but acts very mellow when he acts mean. Peter's girlfriend (Alexandra Wentworth) talks him into seeing an "occupational hypnotist" in the hope that through hypnosis he could be happier with his job. After being briefly hypnotized, he feels suddenly worry-free. Like his neighbour Lawrence (Diedrich Bader, who also stars in the hit TV show "The Drew Carrey Show") who hears all and knows all about Peters life, since he can hear everything through the wall that separates their apartments. He still doesn't like his job, but at least now he doesn't care about keeping his job. The company Peter's working for is currently being evaluated by "efficiency experts". Each employee is interviewed about his or her position and from those interviews and other information, these "efficiency experts" will decide which positions should be eliminated. Tom Smykowski (Richard Riehle) a co-worker of Peter is very paranoid about being fired and never stops talking about the fact that he is going to get canned. When Peter's turn for an interview arrives, he's very care-free about the whole thing. After his interview, Peter speaks with his friends from work, Samir (Ajay Naidu) who absolutely hates the fact that no one can pronounce his last name and Michael (David Herman) who hates his last name, which is Bolton because it refers to the singer "Michael Bolton" and they warn him that he'll lose his job if he doesn't get his act together soon. Soon, he thinks up a plan and with the help of Samir and Michael, he can make the three of them rich while at the same time getting even with the corporation they all hate so much. ...

Comparative analyisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative analyisis - Essay Example Conley comes out with a harsh and firm tone that human cloning should not be practiced as it does interfere with God’s creation. Professor Ian Wilmut is polite and puts himself on the hot seat to defend the practice. He remains objective and asks hard questions that if couples have been denied the right to procreate naturally what would be the ill effect of trying out new technology like human cloning. (Wilmut,2007). The topic on human cloning has brushed shoulders with the high political icons and religious leaders. The ethical part has hit many headlines in media world and eye brows rose on in its interference with the natural process of human creation. Wilmut has remained extremely aggressive and has an ego driven attitude towards the whole process and the perception on human cloning as opposed to Conley in his view on the interference with natural process (Conley,1994). Human procreation has been through the natural process since time immemorial. With the current advancement of technology and research, morals of human cloning were brought to task. Conley has well addressed the burning issue and has made great strides in evaluating the challenges that couples face when they have the challenge of conceiving and bearing children (Conley, 1994).With his deep rooted roman catholic arguments, he remains a close minded author as to the effects of human cloning unlike Wilmut who is polite spoken learned author with an aim to kill the stigma. The research that has been done was to solve some these issues. Couples have been genetically challenged to have the right to live, a life like any other normal human being (Wilmut,2007). The pervasiveness of this discourse concerning the dignity in today’s Western world has given it a mask of the subject matter that has been highly contested and made it vague. As our educated writer Wilmut has observed in his sixth edition. This concept has become totally ubiquitous. Conley has claimed

Collection Planning and Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Collection Planning and Strategies - Essay Example The subsequent steps in the hierarchy include tactical objective, tactical task and measure of performance. Resources are allocated based on the tactical tasks that contribute to the overall performance of the organization (Clark & Cook, 2008). The strategy-to task management serves in other settings and conforms to vision, objective, planning and performance assessment. Firms initially appointed functional managers in their executive teams with an aim of centralizing decisions regarding their functions.However their functions have changed with time, especially in the US. Their newly acquired roles include co-ordination of activities throughout the business unit to aid collection. Secondly, they take part in strategic decision making of the organization together with the CEO with the aim of realizing synergy and efficiency in the organization. Thirdly, they take part in staff management. They organize seminars and workshops where knowledge is imparted on workers. They also assess and review performances of individual workers. Fourthly, they offer expert opinions in their various departments. The functional managers also train other employees on practical skills regarding their

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example This civil war is a significant historical element and thus helps educate and enlighten readers. This source explores the influence slavery had on the civil war. It examines the role of slavery especially in influencing politics in the south. Of significant emphasis are the submissions of major political players and society from the southern region of America in relation to slave ownership. The author also highlights the role of black soldiers in the civil war and in what way they influenced the side that lost and that which lost the civil war. The author of this book dwells on the period before the civil war. He asserts that there were troubles over slavery that was slowly building up to a national phenomenon. He acknowledges that there were skirmishes along the North and South Border in relation to fugitive slaves. They were what shaped up politics and culture leading to the civil war. This source is instrumental in showing the build up to the war. It helps people know that political factions started forming a long time before the actual war started. It contributes to research by giving a wider scope of events leading to the civil

Social Learning and Trait Theories

Social Learning and Trait Theories According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology (2001), social learning theory is based on the psychology concept that the learning processes within our environment establish human behavior. Aspects of reinforcement in either rewards or punishment meant to develop desirable behavior most specifically determine it. Trait theories on the other hand identify personality as a set of characteristics that are based on our consistent desires, attitudes and behavior that form a stable and consistent part of who we are. Julian B. Rotter is one of the earliest psychologists who developed the theory that besides the earlier research done on behaviorism by the likes of Ian Pavlov, cognition also played a huge role in social learning. His argument was based on the theory that a persons behavior is determined by expectancy. As a result, an individual behaves in a certain way based on the expected outcome of their behavior as well as the value that individual places on that outcome. Rotters personality theory based on social learning had two variables; internals and externals (Mearns, 2000). People have different beliefs on their ability to control whether or not their various behaviors in life are reinforced. Internals believe that they have control over the kind of behaviors they portray while externals are of the view that their behavior is because of external factors, which they have no control over. These two variables do not however apply exclusively in individuals so that people are classified as either internals or externals. Generally, an internal individual can portray external traits in various situations. Personality in general is because of ones interaction with their environment. Another popular social learning theorist Albert Bandura argued that cognition, behavior, and ones environment have a reciprocal relationship. This, he justified by explaining that ones understanding and interpretation of a situation such as hostility causes them to portray hostile behavior. This in turn often affects their environment as it may cause similar hostile thoughts and behavior in other people. Bandura is the same theorist who introduced the concept of observational learning (Kreitner, Luthans, n.d.). People learn certain behavior by observing the consequences of such behavior on other people. As a result, we will take up the behaviors that get positive reinforcement and stay away from those that are punished. This kind of learning is especially typical of children, who imitate behavior that is rewarded in other children or even adults within their environment. Understanding the concept of social learning and trait theories has enabled me to interpret the behaviors and personalities of people within my environment such as my home, school and the work place. We are all unique in the different traits that define each of us, and there are variables that determine our unique behavior (The Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2001). One such variable is our individual perceptions of our environment. Though people may share an environment such as in school and the work place, they may ha ve different perceptions of it, which would translate into their different behaviors. Expectations are another variable that determine our unique behaviors. Everyone has their individual expectations that drive them to behave in a certain way. If for example, attending school in time may be because a student expects to qualify to join a reputable college once they attain good grades, another student who does not plan to join college will not display the same behavior of diligently attending school. Personal values also contribute to individual behavior, which is driven by ones personal goals and ideals, which make them, behave in a certain way. Self-regulation and plans in relation to achieving our goals and living by our ideals determines individual behavior. Therefore, to understand peoples personalities and behaviors in society, I have learned to analyze the determinants that contribute to both within their environment as opposed to making generalizations and assumptions on the causes of their behaviors and the formation of their traits. According to Jones (2005), an individuals environment plays a major role in the formation of their personality and behavior. Aspects of the environment such as ones family, peers, and neighborhood contribute to the social learning that shapes behavior and personality. Having learned this, I have been able to understand peoples behavior better by first looking at the environment in which they live or were brought up. Criminal behavior such as robbery and burglary in an individual for example, may be quickly interpreted as a cause of poverty that drives them to earn a living in this way. However, research has shown that individuals who are brought up in an abusive environment have a high chance of turning to such criminal behavior (Jones, 2005). They may be living comfortable lives but still turn to criminal behavior as a way of punishing other people in a similar manner that they feel they were treated growing up. In the same token, I have learned that observational learning is a powerful tool that leads to the formation of personality and behavior. Jones (2005) further cites the development of aggressive behavior in children as a product of observing the same in their parents, peers, or siblings. This has alerted me to realize that how we behave within our social setting plays a big role in the development of either desirable or bad behavior in others within our environment, and especially children. It is therefore important for society to portray positive behavior in all aspects of our lives consciously in order to aid in developing positive behavior, attitudes, and personalities in children as they grow up. This would help in ridding society of such undesirable behavior as abuse, aggression, violence and antisocial behavior. One of the major roles of each individual in society is to create a favorable environment for themselves and for other people either in school, in the family or at the work place. Having learned the concepts of social learning and traits theories in the development of behavior and personality, my role is reinforced with helpful knowledge on how I can help individuals develop desirable behavior through providing adequate learning experiences. When an individuals expected outcome of certain behavior is not reinforced, they develop low expectancies so that they are no longer motivated to repeat the behavior. Raising the expectancy for reinforcement especially in children will help them develop and sustain desirable behavior. This can be done through helping them develop rational expectancies and encouraging them to behaving in ways that they have been avoiding for the fear that they will fail. In my interactions with others, the knowledge on social learning and traits theories gives me the ability to understand all kinds of people that I meet. They may be introverted, extroverted, hostile, or lacking in confidence but I will be in a position to reach out to them since I am able to understand their different traits. This is as opposed to dismissing people for example on the grounds of being hostile and therefore seemingly unapproachable. It is thus possible for me to approach such an individual and teach them how to take control of their anger and hostility. I can do this by helping them shift their personal ideals and educating them on how negatively they affect their environment, like their children or siblings with such behavior. Conclusion Social learning plays a huge role in the formation of traits and personality in individuals in society (Kreitner and Luthans, n.d.). Once behavior is formed in childhood, based on the conditions of our environment, it is very hard to change that behavior in future. As a result, it is imperative that society creates conducive environment for children to develop healthy personalities and desirable behavior. Development of self-evaluative ideals is also important as it helps individuals create standards for themselves that are at par with positive behavior. Kreitner and Luthans (n.d.) insist that promoting healthy cognitive processes is another handy tool in promoting desirable behavior in social learning. Such processes would enable individuals within the society to reason logically when interpreting different aspects of their environment. This would in turn change such bad behavior as violence and aggression when peoples reasoning powers are increased. This is generally shaping peoples perceptions in ways that enables them to interpret their environment positively in order to develop healthy personalities and positive behavior.

Robert Frost :: essays research papers

Robert Frost Robert Frost (1874-1963) was one of the finest of rural New England's 20th century pastoral poets. Frost published his first books in Great Britain in the 1910s, but he soon became in his own country the most read and constantly anthologized poet. Frost was awarded the Pulitzer Prize four times. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. His father, a journalist and local politician, died when Frost was eleven years old. His Scottish mother resumed her career as a schoolteacher to support her family. The family lived in Lawrence, Massachusetts, with Frost's paternal grandfather. In 1892 Frost graduated from a high school and attended Dartmouth College for a few months. Over the next ten years he held a number of jobs. In 1894 the New York Independent published Frost's poem "My Butterfly" and he had five poems privately printed. In 1895 he married a former schoolmate, Elinor White; they had six children. Frost worked as a teacher and continued to write and publish his poems in magazines. From 1897 to 1899 Frost studied at Harvard, but left without receiving a degree. He moved to Derry, New Hampshire, working there as a cobbler, farmer, and teacher at Pinkerton Academy and at the state normal school in Plymouth. In 1912 Frost sold his farm and took his wife and four young children to England. There he published his first collection of poems, â€Å"A Boy’s Will† (1913) followed by â€Å"North Boston† (1914), which gained international reputation. The collection contains some of Frost's best-known poems: "Mending Wall," "The Death of the Hired Man," "Home Burial," "After Apple-Picking," and "The Wood-Pile." After returning to the US in 1915 with his family, Frost bought a farm near Franconia, New Hampshire. He taught later at Amherst College (1916-38) and Michigan universities. In 1916 Frost was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. In the same year appeared his third collection of verse, â€Å"Mountain Interval†, which contained such poems as "The Road Not Taken," "Birches," and "The Hill Wife." Frost's images - woods, stars, houses, brooks, - are usually taken from everyday life. With his down-to-earth approach to his subjects, readers found it easy to follow the poet into deeper truths, without being burdened with pedantry. In 1920 Frost purchased a farm in South Shaftsbury, Vermont, near Middlebury College. His wife died in 1938 and he lost four of his children.

Lg Institutional Sales

In a bid to expand the market and boost sales, LG Electronics Ltd. identified institutional sales as a focus area in the calendar year 1999. It plans to triple the target turnover to Rs. 150 crores from institutional sales. LG has made its institutional sales strategy by identifying and proactively targeting five different segments to push the LG range: brand promotions; the welfare segment (factory workers and office staff); government sector; direct users (hospitals, hotels); and the canteen stores departments (CSD) of the armed forces. A distinct strategy has been tailored for each of the five segments.In brand promotions for example, the perceived value of the products given as gifts is important, whereas for the welfare segment aspirational value, convenience and easy financing are prime factors. Meanwhile, hotels represent a price sensitive segment requiring specially customized products. Welfare: In this segment, LG is targeting a consumer base – the aspirational consum er, mostly factory staff – that most companies ignore, but which has considerable clout in terms of generating volumes. This segment is being targeted on the convenience and easy finance platform. LG has just tied up with Birla Global Finance Ltd. part of the Aditya Birla Group, for the purpose. Under the tie-up, LG will unit-wise cover all the Birla companies. This amounts to over two lakh employees. This is a lucrative segment, claims LG, because of the high hit-rate; out of a potential base of 1,000 factory workers, there is an assured sale of at least 10 to 20 percent. Hotel Segment: In this segment, LG is targeting the five-star and middle-level hotels (50 – 110 rooms) by offering customized products. For example, LG offers a special ‘hotel-mode TV' model with an auto volume leveler, which ensures that other guests are not disturbed.Another attraction for hotels is the cricket game TV model that would also prove to be popular and an interactive option with I nternet, video/audio or room service menu facilities. LG claims to have sent out mailers to 1,200 hotels – and bagged at least 100 orders, besides the ‘Palace on Wheels' luxury train, for providing TV sets in its 52 cabins. Now, LG is reading a range of interactive televisions for this segment, offering remote-controlled features like: the hotel menu, local facilities, billing-room service, video on demand, internet, multilingual options.Canteens and the Government Sector: â€Å"We are perhaps the only company offering our entire range of products in CSD canteens,† feels the product manager, of LG. In the government sector, which operates through tenders, significant orders so far included an order for 200 TVs for Himachal Tourism bungalows in the State and over 2,000 TVs for primary schools in rural areas in Maharashtra. The company has a five-member Institutional Sales Division, with each devoted exclusively to one segment.It has 50 institutional sales dealers and a ring of sales representatives when interact with the dealers and conduct demonstrations when needed. Its infrastructure consists of 20 mobile vans with glass windows to display the product range. These vans cover at least 500 km every month in both rural and urban markets. Questions: (a) Do you think such a field sales force is adequate to harness the market potential in the Institutional market? (b) Would you recommend focusing on one or two segments out of the given five? Justify your answer.

Call Of The Wild Essays

Call Of The Wild Essays Call Of The Wild Paper Call Of The Wild Paper Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Into the Wild In Call of the Wild, one of many lessons taught is that anyone or thing can be taken from Its surroundings and thrown into a harsh world where anybody must learn how to survive. Buck, the mall character, has two choices of: Endure and adapt to the ruthless, and savage world he Is now governed by, or become a name that is forgotten, and unable to pull himself above the water when the rapids come down on him. His life starts to change in a rush and he must use everything hes got, to adapt in order to obtain what he doesnt have. Eventually instincts start to replace the rules, and the wild starts to become more friendly than savage. After days of travel on both train and boat, to a place much deferent from his home, he has to learn the ropes of his new world, and conform to Its rules. On is Journey to the Yukon, Buck Is stopped In Seattle where he meets a man in a red sweater that taught him the first rope, The law of the club; which teaches Buck to obey and fear. Buck discovers that he rapidly needs to learn to conform to the laws of the primitive new world. For example, he encounters problems, like how to work as a member of a dog team pulling a sled, how to burrow into a hole in the snow in which to sleep for more warmth, how to survive horrible hunger pains, and how to rely on his Intelligence and his animal Instincts. Bucks next master Is a Scotch half-breed; the man Is fair, but he works Buck almost beyond endurance, so much so that on a difficult run against extremely harsh conditions, most of the other dogs are used to the wild elements. Buck survives even though he loses a lot of weight. Bucks next change in life happens when he and his team are sold to three newbie adventurers ? Charles, Hal, and Mercedes; they have absolutely no Idea of how to take care of the dogs or how to drive a team through the freezing northern snow. As a result of their new experience, the dogs food supply Is gone before the trip is half over. At this point, Buck sees the failure of trying to antique; meaning, he simply refuses to return to the harness despite the fact that he is being severely beaten. Then, a man named John Thornton appears and threatens the three owners if they continue to beat Buck. Bucks instinct concerning the three new adventurers proceeds to be correct; Charles, Hal, and Mercedes continue on their way across the frozen snow and Ice and lose their lives, plus the lives of the rest of the dog team when they try to cross a river of melting ice. They all drowned. As John Thornton returns to civilization with Buck, a drunk miner attacks John Thornton and threatens o harm him. Buck immediately reacts and kills the man. Later on, John Thornton is stuck in some fast river rapids, and Buck saves his masters life by swimming to him. On a later date, Thornton makes a brag that Buck can pull a sled with a thousand pounds Loyola atop It Because AT Nils great love Tort Join I Norton, Buck Totally carries the heavy sled one hundred yards. With the money from the winning from his bet, he goes deep into the wilderness in search of a lost gold mine. There, he works long and hard hours, and while Thorns men are searching for gold, Buck often goes off by himself in the wilderness to stalk wild animals or run with the wild wolves. Returning to camp, Buck discovers that everyone, including John Thornton, has been killed by Heat Indians. Without thinking and anger, Buck attacks the entire group of Indians, killing several and driving the rest away in such fear that the valley in which Buck revenges his master is from then on considered by the Indians to be a demonic place. After John Thorns death, Buck is free of all his attachments to civilization, and he Joins the wild wolves, and is known as a legend

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees Social Work Essays

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees Social Work Essays Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees Social Work Essay Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees Social Work Essay so their societal dispersion is both a valid and desirable result ( Griffiths et al 2005 ) . By 1990 s the figure of refuge searchers had increased aggressively and public sentiment had turned against them, racialising the issue and labelling them as bogus and undeserving ( Robinson et al 2003 P: 122 ) . They are perceived to be economically motivated. Today in-migration is perceived by many in Britain as a job for our society which stems from a fright of unknown. Refugees and refuge searchers create an unwanted entity of the otherness in the borders of UK. From the minute they arrive they face an unpredictable and frequently sharply hostile local populace with racist political sentiment openly prosecuting in bullying and local imperativeness doing accusals of bogus claims and a drain on national resources ( Pierson, 2002, P: 203, Dobrowolsky and Lister 2005 ) . This othering resulted in prejudiced policies, which lead to the societal exclusion, and favoritism of the refuge searchers, and refugee communities to the extent that their basic human rights have been challenged and their very being has been criminalized ( Dominelli 2002 ) . I think inventing schemes to forestall refugees coming to the state are a menace to the civilization as it violates the basic human rights. The media could be partially to fault for this construct as they frequently wrongly connote that all refuge searchers for illustration, are felons. Glasgow suspended its engagement in the strategy in the moving ridge of imperativeness craze. Media portraitures are frequently confusing and undependable as they represent a glooming feeling about refuge searchers. The media blow up the insecurities of the populace to sale more documents, as they are the lone seeable group in the local communities to fault for the sick wellness of the public assistance system in the state. The y have been an easy mark for all as they are powerless, dislocated, soundless, and do non even holding the right to be here ( Robinson et al 2003 ) . Before 1996, refuge searchers were entitled to utilize the same societal services as the remainder of the population for illustration, if they had had been homeless, they would travel to a stateless individual unit, for support. The conservative Government introduced the refuge and in-migration Act 1996, which meant that refuge searchers were cut off from mainstream public assistance benefits. This left refuge searchers with no entree to services. However, this was against the 1948 National Assistance Act which requires local governments to supply public assistance support to those impoverished refuge searchers. Some local governments started supplying support to asylum searchers and their dependents if they appeared to be impoverished. But, this was done on ad hoc footing and there were no clear guidelines of the local governments duties. In 1999, a new policy had been formulated for refuge searchers and refugees, which is called in-migration and refuge Act 1999. The in-migration and refuge Act 1999 gave the National Asylum support service ( NASS ) the duty to supply services and fitting demands of refuge searchers. This was due to the jobs encountered by the societal policy of UK sing refuge and refugees, the policymakers have decided to set up the NASS in April 2000. NASS was set up to relieve the force per unit area on the LA, and besides to run into the authorities position that entree to societal security benefits creates a pull factor on economic migration. The major function of NASS was to supply support and adjustment for those asylum searchers who are hapless while their claim is still being considered. Individual will be given adjustment in the UK, which is normally located and on a no pick footing. This meant that NASS has the exclusive right to make up ones mind for the refuge searchers will be moved ( Griffiths et al 2005 ) . In 1999 the dispersion policy marked a cardinal alteration in British refuge attack by Introducing new processs for the response and adjustment of refuge searchers pending their claim for position finding in the UK ( www.fmreview.org ) . Failed refuge searchers are frequently impoverished when support is cut off 21 yearss after a concluding claim for refuge is refused ( Refugee Action 2006 ) . The Red Cross gauge some 26,000 are populating off nutrient packages although the figure could be far higher ( www.rcn.org.uk/ ) . Dispersal failed to alleviate force per unit area on London. It is possible that up to 2/3 of refuge searchers decided to stay in London and remain with friends and relatives instead than take up adjustment in other parts of UK while this does non add force per unit area to lodging, it creates jobs a with wellness and instruction www.school.gov.uk/policyhub/asylum_dispersal ) . There were many draw dorsums, in the dispersion, as there was miscommunication between NASS and bureaus concerned. There was no sufficient adjustment in the dispersion countries and the whole state of affairs was in shambles as reported by the for illustration, councils did non cognize how many people were sent to them and what linguistic communication they spoke so that they arrange interpreting services. In general, rules of the policy were non efficaciously adhered to. NASS should work closely with other bureaus to organize action to guarantee the presence of refuge searchers do non harm community dealingss. NASS has been criticised by Fekete as being oppressive and institutionalized racism in her study Crimes of NASS : What is so dismaying about the attack of NASS is that they do non see it their responsibility to protect refuge searchers from racial force, or guarantee racial harmoniousness, NASS is likely the lone organic structure in the state with no consistent policies against racial torment and no evident overall scheme to advance good race dealingss ( Fekete, 2001 ) . Since the twelvemonth 2000, the NASS took the duty of refuge searchers to scatter them, wheresoever there is adjustment without sing their civilization, linguistic communication or any single demands. Those who are vulnerable were left without support or information ( Cohen, 2002, P: 119 ) . Cultural minority people suffer from lingual want in countries they are dispersed to. Initially, the thought was to direct refuge searchers to set up communities who shared a common linguistic communication and provided comfort and support. However, due to limited resources and scarceness of adjustment in some topographic points, most asylum searchers were sent to topographic points off from the communities. Interrupting up households and so dumping refuge searchers in sub-standard adjustment in some of our poorest communities was ever bound to backlash. It is a policy that was neither human nor practical ( www.independent.co.uk/news ) . From 1996 onwards, the duty of refuge searchers was given to voluntary administrations, for case, NASS who dispersed refugees off from their countrymen and households. In so making, their webs are sabotaged and left in isolation where they do non portion any ownership or sense of belonging. They are unable to convey information or achieve fiscal aid from their communities, and that keeps them in a province of tenseness. There are inquiries about the long-run impacts on societal coherence, because constellating can strip these groups of people of incorporating in the community. Besides, constellating led to exigency of Ghettos in disadvantaged countries of refuge searchers. This may in bend hinder refugees future integrating into communities ( The Guardian 2005 ) . In add-on to that, dispersion has led refuge searchers being sent to populate in the really poorest countries where there were big Numberss of people populating on either benefits or in the lowest-paid occupations where they were non merely more likely to confront assaults but were besides twice every bit likely to confront racial torment. More so, the adjustment of these spread people is made with no pick as to the location and anyone go forthing the adjustment offered to them will lose the right to back up. As a consequence, they are will be impoverishment, poorness, development, sick wellness and sometimes decease. Second ; some of them whose claims are still pending are sometimes taken to detainment Centres where they are dealt with viciously with favoritism and maltreatment ( Cohen, Humphries A ; Mynott, 2002 ) . In relation to lodging some private landlords force refuge searchers to populate as a household with people they do non even know. Overcrowding has become an issue for larger households, which are given smaller adjustment. Others return to their homeless charities after neglecting to get by with the state of affairs ( Audit Commission 2000, P: 3 ) . NASS housed adjustment has no legal protection from eviction and the statute law of 1999 deteriorated in relation to lodging conditions for refuge searchers and where by landlords turning richer on contracts in order to suit refuge searchers ( Cohen et al, 2002 ) . One of the worst impacts of the Asylum and Immigration Act is the extension of in-migration cheques to lodging and to all homeless applications. If the Home Office learns that a safety has received public financess, he might lose the right to remain in the state or neglect to regenerate their permission to remain ( Cohen et al 2002 ) . Again, the verifiers are stigmatizing, as they are used in fewer stores and less on public conveyance. Asylum searchers and Refugees who are skilled, experience high unemployment and low wage as there are non as many occupations in rural countries as the metropoliss, and the policy undermine them from their webs that would assist them. As a consequence of this, refuge searchers are discriminated against alternatively of being offered chances and schemes for aid ( Ibid ) . The authorities enterprise towards refuge searchers preserved within the 2004 Asylum Act did non include the kids public assistance or to guarantee that their human rights were thought of. On the contrary, kids of refuge searchers whose claims failed are threatened to be removed from their households due to the powers of this act. A authorities which sets out to do the kids of failed refuge searchers destitute can non earnestly argue, Every kid affairs ( Lavalette and Pratt, 2006, p. 200 ) . It destabilizes the domestic and international human rights committedness and undermines the Third Way aspiration of every kid affairs . The detainment Centres, prisons and enforcement of dispersion programmes together with the 2002 Nationality Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act are all pigeonholing refuge searchers as felons, agree to be dispersed anyplace to acquire support, adjustment taken off them if they try to take, taken in to isolation with high degrees of offense directed to them, deficiency of legal representation. Harmonizing to the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigration: These policies are non merely discriminatory against one of the most vulnerable subdivisions of our community but besides, of the worst sorts of societal technology which is destined to neglect ( www.lga.gov.uk ) . More so, the Audit Commission has reported that refuge searchers and refugees get hapless wellness attention though they are entitled to free health care. Some of the GPs have taken their names off the lists as there is a inclination that it might impact on their surgeries. On the other manus, the scrutinies refugees take at ports of entry, have no follow ups due to hapless wellness cheque ups. They are once more registered impermanent which does non let maintaining frequent medical records and can non set their demands into history due to the rights and duties of health care. For case, most refugees experience post-traumatic emphasis upset as they escape. ( Audit committee 2000a ) . The dispersion is reported to hold improved late, but this is down to the NASS working closely with other bureaus like constabulary, landlords, and local councils. They had all been included in the decision making in the country that was to be used, monitored the impact of the reaching of the refuge searchers on schools and other services and monitored community tenseness ( guardian 2005 ) . The policy has some success ; this is evidenced by the larger figure of refugees and refuge searchers in Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester countries, and Birmingham hosts a ample refugee population in Wet Midlands. There has been a corresponding growing of refugee community administrations ( RCO ) in these countries compared to before the dispersion policy of 1999 ( Griffiths et al 2005 ) . In this subdivision the will look at deductions and challenges of societal workers face in their work with asylum searchers and refugees in the context of dispersion policy in the UK are: Social workers undertakings include giving aid and proper attending to these persons and guaranting that they receive the services which are included in the in-migration and refuge Act. NASS is responsible for placing who among the refuge searchers have the right to be given the services offered by such bureau. The NASS should organize with the societal workers, and the members of the question lines to cognize if there are asylum searchers who need aid of the authorities ( Dominelli, 2008 ) . Hayes and Humphries ( 2006, P: 44 ) argue that it is frequently the most vulnerable who suffer from deficiency of extra support ; parents worry for the wellness and wellbeing of their kids . For illustration, a female parent who can non breastfed her kid because she is HIV positive and can non afford to purchase formula milk for her kid. This puts societal workers in a quandary as they are forced to make up ones mind on eligibility based on in-migration position, and the tenseness between societal work values of supplying for those in demand and the demand to except people from services. Social workers are forced to negociate between this function of commanding entree to back up and that of supplying attention. In add-on to that, societal workers working with asylum searchers experience a turning demand for the services as a consequence of new reachings in a period of the budget restraint and their work tended to be dominated by measuring eligibility and supplying for immediate demands instead than a wide societal work function. Social workers need to understand the impact of negative pigeonholing on refuge searchers. Thompson ( 2009, P: 158 ) the demand to recognize the significance of favoritism and subjugation in clients lives and fortunes has been emphasised . As we have seen that refuge searchers will be capable to racist media portraitures and hostile positions from members of the populace, these factors will non assist to incorporate them into the community one time an application has been successful. Thompson ( 2009, P: 18 ) argues that the function of societal work is to lend to societal stableness, to guarantee that the degree of societal discontent does non make a point where the societal order may be threatened . Therefore, it is the function of societal workers to assist asylum searchers to incorporate into local communities and adjust to a new civilization. They will necessitate to assist asylum searchers to go more sceptered as persons and groups so that they can break stand for themselves in the wider community. Empower involves practicians holding to reinvent their pattern and their perceptual experiences of peculiar jobs and solutions ( Trevithick, 2005, P: 219 ) . Social workers were under force per unit area as Social Services are utilizing their already over stretched budgets to supply for refuge searchers. Following the negative media portraitures ; the local populations made the premise that the societal services budgets were drained, non as a consequence of authorities non supplying adequate money, but because of the refuge searchers. A treatment about who pays the revenue enhancements for public public assistance and costs of migration devalues immigrant s parts to economic growing ( Dominelli, 2008 ) . In some instances societal workers were seen as back uping refuge searchers and pretermiting the remainder of the population. The function of a societal worker is to turn to issues of subjugation and favoritism on a day-to-day footing yet their engagement is excessively small. Emphasis on the wellness and public assistance of kids allow societal workers to go focussed on specific issues such as safe instance transportation of unaccompanied refuge seeking kids, while non concentrating on the demands of the vulnerable grownup. ( Hayes et al, 2006 ) . Alternatively of the centralized NASS service proviso, it would be better if asylum searchers could utilize local Social Services squads and benefits offices as these are more accessible. However, limited resources and staffing, the authorities should supply more support within the bing mainstream constructions. Alternatively of developing more societal workers and community workers to back up the refuge searchers, the authorities set up N ASS, whose staff are non trained in anti-discriminatory rules, and had non got adequate experience in lodging and colony issues. NASS work patterns lead to more favoritism and societal exclusion of the refuge searchers. Social workers must seek elucidation within their services refering the issues related to asylum searchers. As the most asylum searchers do non talk English or can non command the linguistic communication good, societal workers should do good usage of reading services and do certain that these services are available for the refuge searchers and able to pass on suitably. Patel and Kelly ( 2006, p:5 ) suggest that guaranting entree to construing services, and more just entree to linguistic communication larning chances, is indispensable for the appropriate proviso of societal attention to Asylum searchers . It is my belief that all human existences deserve regard and self-respect and should be treated will be concern ; nevertheless, looking at the media it is apparent that the UK is fighting to prolong the support required for refuge searchers, which is going a turning job within the UK today. The Human Rights Act 1998 applies to anyone life within the UK s boundary lines irrespective of fortunes or nationality ; until an refuge searcher receives refugee position they are frequently in a province of oblivion and regularly their equal rights are denied. Therefore, anti discriminatory pattern and humanism is critical within Social Work pattern. Social workers should be involved in runing for the rights and guarantee that they are observed ( Dominelli 2008 ) . The function of a societal worker is to adhere to heightening an ambiance of credence, tolerance and equality for all persons no affair what their background is. It is indispensable that Social Workers and those accountable for supplying services and support to the most vulnerable in our society do non lose sight of the fact that refuge searchers, irrespective of their in-migration position, are human existences, with cardinal and basic human rights, demands and aspirations. In decision, although dispersal policies are ever understood as ways of temporarily suiting refuge searchers as they wait for their determination on their refuge claims, the authorities needs to look at things on a long-run footing so that they are dispersed where they are able to incorporate. Therefore, policy shapers should besides believe of the future employment chance and service as they are most of the demands for the hereafter. NASS should work together with bureaus concerned to do certain that refuge searchers are non put at hazard. I have critically depict the policy, explained the deductions of the policy into societal work pattern.

Rebecca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rebecca - Essay Example Sometimes, a good performance is able to give a solid ground for further reflection on some notions, the raise of awareness regarding their meanings and consequences and changes of person’s attitude. One of the most attended by celebrities show that is often criticized regarding its appropriateness and positive impact on young viewers is the extremely famous Broadway performance created by Jeff Marx and Robert Lopez that is called Avenue Q. The show represents a courageous decision of its creators to use puppets that dance and sing about the problems of unemployment, racial segregation, pornography, sexual preferences and others. It is important to stress that a profession of puppeteer is not very popular nowadays; therefore, due to the unconventional format of the performance, the show has managed to receive increased attention among critics. Despite the coverage of rather frank and piquant topics, Avenue Q is considered to be extremely realistic, educational and arresting. S tarting from 2003, the show had won numerous prestigious awards, including Drama Desk Award, Tony Award, Theatre World Award and even Grammy. The success and popularity of the show has also been supplemented and influenced by attendance of such world celebrities as Hilary Swank, Tom Hanks, Danny DeVito, Janet Jackson, Martin Lawrence, David Schimmer, Tony Shalhoub and many others. The performance resembles the scenic adaptation of childish TV series â€Å"Sesame Street†, whose main characters experience strong emotions and solve mature and serious problems. The authors made a successful attempt to create a musical first of all for grown-ups but with a clear emphasis on its instructive function ensured for young audience. The show tells a story about a guy named Princeton who has recently graduated from college and whose plans for the future are full of hopes and dreams. However, reflecting over his position displayed in the song â€Å"What Do You Do with a B.A. in Englishâ⠂¬ , the hero realizes that received education does not guarantee stability and reliable perspectives in his life. Being anticipated and inspired by positive changes, Princeton moves to New York but the only place where he can find an affordable apartment turns out to be the Avenue Q. There, he makes acquaintances with new friends who also try to get by in exhausting megalopolis. Sharing own experiences and feelings, they all strive to find a proper job, realize their life goal and most importantly find the true love. All characters are fascinating; they manage to captivate audience with their versatility and uniqueness. At the same time, the story of each hero is quite plain and trivial which also helps viewers to feel the reality of presented events. For example, moving to a new apartment, Princeton is introduced to such characters as the teaching assistant Kate Monster; the recently fired comedian Brian; his fiancee Christmas Eve, a therapists who has trouble with finding at lea st one patient; Trekkie Monster, a guy who day after day spends online watching porn videos; the house manager, Gary Coleman whose image has been created as an imitation and parody of American actor known by his roles in sitcoms; Lucy the slut and others (Avenue Q). The Avenue Q community consists of ten characters and only three of them are human beings meanwhile

Analysis paper of MAMMA MIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis paper of MAMMA MIA - Essay Example Sophies mother, Donna, invited the three men that he suspected might be the father of her daughter. Donna was an independent woman who did all she could to take care of her daughter. Sophie grew up without a father figure in her life. Donna was running a successful business on a small Greek Island. She had ventured into the hotel business in the area and it helped her to raise her daughter. The time has come when she needs to stand by her daughter as she gets married. Donna has never talked to Sophie about her father and it left her distressed. In addition, she had narrowed down potential candidates to three men. Sophie tells her best friends of how she plans to find out the identity of her real father. She invites the potential men to her wedding without the consent of her mother. The three men responded by coming to the island and she hides them from her mother. Donna finds out that Sophie had invited the men she had dated around the time she had conceived. Donna panics and tells the men to leave the island. Donna did not have the capacity to handle the memories of the three men. Three of her friends come to reassure her that everything will be fine. Mamma Mia is one of the top musical movies produced in 2008. It was a global enjoying massive play in most countries. ABBA was a Swedish musical group that was popular in the 1970s. The name of the group came from the initials of the name of the duo. The duos were married to each other and they were more popular in Europe than in the United States. The producer decides to use ABBA music because they concluded the narration themselves. Early songs by ABBA indicate that they were young and naive. The songs they do much later were mature and reflected on various issues affecting the society. Dancing queen was a good song that brought life into the movie. Dancing queen by ABBA brought a sugary vibe into the movie and it makes the movie enjoyable to watch. Abba music is popular in Europe